Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. The history of boko haram cannot be disentangled from the immense political change nigeria underwent during the 1999 transition to democracy. Search the history of over 406 billion web pages on the internet. Check out our article on the history of boko haram in nigeria to understand the severity of the groups actions. Pdf this article makes a case for the nexus between water resources and terrorism. This paper considers the effect of the boko haram8 insurgency in nigeria while focusing on its impact on the childs right to education. This crack formed into two main camps, one led by muhammad ali and the. Boko haram kidnapped 110 schoolgirls from the government technical girls college in dapchi, yobe, on 19 february 2018.
Pdf the united states national interests and the fight. We are doing what we are doing to fight injustice, if they stop. During training with aqmi, boko haram members also mastered nigeria. Below is the most comprehensive history of boko haram insurgency in nigeria starting from the first attack in 2009 till date. On april 14, 2014, boko haram militants kidnapped more than 250 schoolgirls from chibok in nigerias northeastern borno state. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a. Boko haram reportedly released all but one of the girls by 21 march. After years of tension and a series of minor incidents, things finally exploded in july 2009 when a prominent member of boko haram died, and a large number of them were on the way to bury him. After decades of vacillating between periods of military rule and democracy, punctuated by coups, the nigerian fourth republic began as general abdusalami abubakar peacefully handed over power to olusegun obasanjo after. Over the last decade from 20092019, boko haram has waged a campaign of. Boko haram threatens to harm leah sharibu, presidency says. More a mosque based community than a tightly organized movement, boko haram centered on the salafi preacher muhammad yusuf 19702009. Major research paper the boko haram insurgency driving. In 2002, an offshoot of this youth group not yet known as boko haram declared the city and the islamic establishment to be intolerably corrupt and irredeemable.
Boko haram have carried out many attacks against the military, police and civilians since 2009 mostly in nigeria, but also in cameroon, chad and niger. History of boko haram in nigeria and their activities legit. The hausa applied the term boko to western forms of education so when the term haram is appended to it the intent is. The 2009 boko haram uprising was a conflict between boko haram, a militant islamist group, and nigerian security forces. Providing deeper information on the origin and growth of the sect, it also. While boko haram would appear to be a part of a wider terrorist phenomenon, linked to al qaeda and isis, historian kim searcy demonstrates that boko haram s agenda is local, not international, and the roots of that agenda stretch back several centuries. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria.
In 2015 the group began calling itself islamic state in west africa. The origins of boko haramand why it matters by audu bulama. Boko haram is an islamist terrorist group opposed to what they perceive as the westernisation of nigeria, which they say is. Jun 09, 2014 view cnn s fast facts on boko haram and learn more about the militant islamic group based in nigeria, whose purpose is to institute sharia, or islamic law. An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options 1 introduction the islamist group jamaatu ahl as. The violent rise and resilience of the jihadist group boko haram in the lake chad basin since 2009 poses enormous security, humanitarian and governance challenges. History of boko haram founded in the muslimdominated northern nigeria in 2002 by mohammed yusuf, boko haram was originally labeled as the nigerian taliban because of its ideology and methods. Few if any explanations for the rise of this violent insurgent group look beyond its roots in worldwide jihadism and recent political conflicts in central africa. Nigerian government to combat the group, boko haram s activities continue to spread across the region. Boko haram bh is a nigerian extremist group which emerged only in the last decade, but has rapidly established a reputation for violence. It was initially established as a group opposing western education, which it believes corrupts the moral values of muslims, and since 2009 it has launched operations to create islamic state. Therefore, this study aims to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security system.
A heavyhanded or solely military response will not bring peace and may be counterproductive. Rise of boko haram world history free pdf download. The boko haram insurgence in nigeria perspectives from within. Boko haram and its suicide squad by adrian davieson. Isiswa targeted civilians with attacks or kidnappings less frequently than boko haram, but employed targeted acts of violence and intimidation against civilians in order to expand its area of influence and gain control over critical economic resources. A short history of boko haram this morning, members of the boko haram movement attacked a dss detention facility close to the seat of power in abuja.
A comparative study of niger delta and boko haram uprisings article pdf available in journal of asian and african studies 502 march 2014 with 7,500 reads. Introduction boko haram, a militant islamist group, has been operating mainly in northern nigeria since 2002. Boko haram, islamic sectarian movement founded in 2002 in northeastern nigeria. Onuoha \ a danger not to nigeria alone boko harams transnational reach and regional responses. Soon after the kidnapping, reports surfaced that boko haram may have transferred many of the girls from nigeria to cameroon, chad and as far as central african republics birao region near sudan. The emergence of boko haram is a symptom of the maturation of historical extremist and rejectionist impulses in the northeast and the failure of both governmental and customary conflict mitigation institutions.
Since about the year 2009, boko haram, a territorial terrorist organization, has wreaked havoc on communities in northeast nigeria and beyond. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national. Boko haram and the kidnapping of the chibok schoolgirls. Since 2009 the group has carried out largescale acts of violence. Boko haram continued to kill scores of civilians suspected of cooperating with the government. History and ideology from 2002 to 2009, boko haram was led by mohammed yusuf, a charismatic imam in northeastern nigerias borno state, who preached that western education is sinful, which in hausa language translates to boko haram boko means book or, more broadly, western education, and haram.
To consolidate gains and bring lasting peace to the far north, the government must now shift to longterm socioeconomic development, countering religious radicalism and reinforcing public services. The history of boko haram boko haram s origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago. Using boko haram activities in the lake chad region, i question the. Page ii abstract this paper explores the factors driving the emergence and evolution of boko haram, the islamist group that has displaced some 2. Pdf public opinion on the root causes of terrorism and. Timeline of boko haram insurgency in nigeria from 2009. Boko haram an annotated bibliography progressive geographies. The governments response to boko haram has largely focused on the need to stamp out the insurgency through strong military response. Boko haram has conducted an insurgency against the nigerian state since 2009. A remorseful jihadist confesses his jihadi crime and atro. It looks first at who boko haram are, and their history. The ideological evolution of boko haram in nigeria please scroll down for article. Policy to counter nigerias boko haram council on oreign relations ast t street ne ork n 100 tel 212. There is also a history of muslim sects growing in the cities of northern nigeria.
Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious. Jihad, commonly referred to as boko haram,1 has emerged as a violent challenger to the authority of the nigerian state. The violent boko haram attacks have left deep scars, both visible and invisible. Cameroons military campaign against the boko haram insurgency started late but has met with partial success. The origins of boko haramand why it matters by audu.
The history of an african jihadist movement supersedes everything that has been written so far on the development of this enigmatic jihadist movement in northeastern nigeria. Mar 31, 2014 a short history of boko haram this morning, members of the boko haram movement attacked a dss detention facility close to the seat of power in abuja. The anatomy of a crisis 10 since 2009 boko haram has become a metaphor for insecurity in nigeria after the government launched a clampdown on the group, which resulted in some 800 deaths, mostly of the sect members. Boko haram s story begins with a preacher named mohammed marwa, born in 1927. Read boko haram the history of an african jihadist movement by alexander thurston available from rakuten kobo.
Over the years, that episode has become a landmark in boko harams history. On 2 april, a boko haram attack on the outskirts of maiduguri resulted in the death of 18 people and another 84 wounded. Nigerias chief of army staff, tukur buratai, has admitted that the boko haram fight has lingered for too long and that the army is poised to root them up within a very short time. Onuoha \ a danger not to nigeria alone boko haram s transnational reach and regional responses. A threat to african and global security 45 bear hallmarks of bombmaking techniques used by al qaeda affiliates p. It situates the group within the wider context of nigerian politics, and to discuss the biopolitical and. April 19, 20 boko haram battles with multinational security forces from niger, nigeria and chad in the city of baga in borno state, leaving nearly 200 people dead, including many civilians. Timeline of the boko haram insurgency is the chronology of the boko haram insurgency, an ongoing armed conflict between nigerian islamist group boko haram including their offshoot ansaru and the nigerian government. Pdf for the past decade, boko haram has relentlessly terrorized northeastern nigeria.
To address the boko haram crisis in nigeria, this study looked at maos theory of revolutionary war as a guide to understand the group. These events led the bauchi government to crack down on the group. Boko haram is an islamic sect that believes politics in northern nigeria has been seized. The history of boko haram in nigeria the islamic fundamentalist group, boko haram, has admitted of being. Feb 25, 2014 suspected members of the hardline islamist group boko haram attacked a school in damaturu, nigeria, early tuesday morning, burning or shooting 29 boys, but sparing the female students, news. Phases in boko haram messaging boko haram messaging has ebbed and flowed throughout its history, while the types of messages produced and the methods utilised for dissemination have also shown similar fluctuating dynamics. The jamaaatu ahlussunnah liddawati wal jihad, popularly known as boko haram is a strong pseudoislamist terrorist group, which has its base in kanamma, northeastern nigeria. Shekau releases a video in may saying boko haram is not responsible for the civilian deaths. Condemns killing of red cross staff boko haram insurgents abducted three people from madagali local government area of adamawa state.
For the past decade, boko haram has relentlessly terrorized northeastern nigeria. The authors portrayal of the events unfolding in that country is both fictional and factual as it embraces every facet of terrorism. Prince adrian it is about boko haram and its terrorist activities in the northeast of nigeria. Even so, adamawa states attacks by the boko haram insurgency include massacres in mubi in 2012, 2014, 2017 and 2018.
After decades of vacillating between periods of military rule and democracy, punctuated by coups, the nigerian fourth republic began as general abdusalami abubakar peacefully handed over power to olusegun obasanjo after democratic elections. Significant debate has ensued about the reasons for the boko haram insurgency and their objectives. The name boko haram is a hausa name which only the hausa peoples understood and is a compound name comprised of hausa and arabic. Pdf the ideological evolution of boko haram in nigeria. In this sense, boko haram messaging can largely be broken down into three distinct phases, with a fourth currently underway. The authors portrayal of the events unfolding in that country ismore it is about boko haram and its terrorist activities in the northeast of nigeria. Violence across several states in northeastern nigeria resulted in more than 1,000 dead, with around 700 killed in the city of maiduguri alone, according to one military official. Based on years of research in northern nigeria as well as his knowledge of a vast number of primary sources in both arabic and hausa, thurston is able to. Historical evoulution of boko haram the history and development of boko haram insurgents group in north eastern. D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught. Nigerias population of an estimated 200 million people is plagued by an alarming level of violence, which is driven by a toxic mix of brutal extremist groups, criminal gangs and a cropland crisis. During the late 1990s or early 2000sit is unclear precisely whenyusuf emerged as the groups leader. Apr 10, 2016 trt world and agencies while the daesh terrorist group storms turkey and europe with its deadly terrorist attacks which have already taken place in ankara, paris and brussels, daeshaffiliated militant group boko haram, continues to devastate the lives of millions of people in northern nigeria and the whole of the lake chad r egion, as it has done for many years.
Women and the boko haram insurgency crisis group africa report n242, 5 december 2016 page iv 10. At about age eighteen, he moved to kano, in what is today northern nigeria, and began a career as a preacher. Boko haram is a homegrown insurgence that rose from among the sect of izalatulbidiawaikamatul sunna founded in 1992 when mohammed yusuf the founding leader of boko haram came up with a synthesized and different interpretation entanglewith islam as social fact of deception to stage jihad which was vehemently rejected by. The history of boko haram boko harams origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago. The 2015 baga massacre was a series of mass killings carried out by the boko haram terrorist group in the northeastern nigerian town of baga and its environs, in the state of borno, between 3 january and 7 january 2015. Pdf the geopolitics of boko haram and nigerias war on terror. Boko haram s spokesman also claimed responsibility for the killing outside his home in maiduguri of the politician abba anas ibn umar garbai, the younger brother of the shehu of borno, who was the second most prominent muslim in the country after the sultan of sokoto. International journal of liberal arts and social science issn. The islamic state in west africa formerly known as jamaat ahl assunnah liddawah waljihad and commonly known as boko haram is a jihadist militant organization based in northeastern nigeria, also active in chad, niger and northern cameroon.
View cnn s fast facts on boko haram and learn more about the militant islamic group based in nigeria, whose purpose is to institute sharia, or islamic law. The united states national interests and the fight against boko haram terrorism in nigeria article pdf available in mediterranean journal of social sciences may 2016 with 2,737 reads. Search the history of over 424 billion web pages on the internet. Nation listing entry describes boko haram as an affiliate of alqaeda and also one of the organisations of alqaeda in the islamic maghreb aqim reuters, 2014. This book focuses extensively on the boko haram insurgence in nigeria. Boko haram took shape in the northeastern nigerian city of maiduguri, borno state, in the early 2000s. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. Facilitate access to credit and land for women, recognising that single females and especially widowheaded households need particular support to restart productive activities, for example in traditional crafts, trade or agriculture. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right to. The research analysis revealed that the boko haram insurgency has.
Introduction boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. Feb 10, 2017 voa hausa managing editor ibrahim ahmed talks about the new voa series on boko haram, terror unmasked. Boko haram ebook by alexander thurston 9781400888481. May 11, 2014 boko haram and its suicide squad book. Boko haram emerging threat to the us homeland govinfo. Boko haram militants killed at least 11 people including three aid workers in an attack on a military barracks in the town of rann in borno state.
491 400 180 477 757 1477 1499 1484 175 1162 119 1270 1063 875 84 443 151 34 1343 18 1352 379 561 806 456 1472 494 243 406 1140 241 766 1365 223 700 339 946 1138 1238 1418 1406